Cirurgia de Vesícula Biliar: Colecistectomia Laparoscópica: Uma análise da colecistectomia laparoscópica como abordagem preferencial para a remoção da vesícula biliar em pacientes com cálculos biliares.

Abstract

Gallbladder surgery, particularly cholecystectomy, is an essential procedure in the treatment of gallstones. This review article examined laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the preferred approach for gallbladder removal in patients with gallstones, considering its effectiveness, comparison with other surgical techniques, and considerations in the geriatric population. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has consistently demonstrated its effectiveness, resulting in shorter recovery times, reduced postoperative pain, and a lower incidence of complications compared to open cholecystectomy. The preference for the laparoscopic approach is supported by strong evidence, although the choice of surgical technique should be personalized, considering the complexity of the stones and the patient's clinical conditions. Comparison with other surgical approaches, such as open cholecystectomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), has highlighted the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including shorter hospital stays and faster recovery. However, the selection of the surgical technique should be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In the geriatric population, assessing frailty and comorbidities is crucial before surgery. Although older adults may present additional challenges, laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a safe and effective option, provided that risks are properly managed. In summary, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred approach for gallbladder removal in patients with gallstones due to its effectiveness and faster recovery. However, the surgical decision should be individualized, taking into account clinical complexities and patient preferences.