Um retrato do câncer de colo de útero em um município do interior paulista

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main agent responsible for cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, due to its wide variety of genotypes and its ability to predilection for specific anatomical sites. In Brazil, cervical cancer (CCU) is the third most common type of cancer among women. In a regional analysis, uterine cancer is the second most common in the North and Northeast regions, third in the Central-West, fourth in the South, and fifth in the Southeast. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytopathological data of women seeking care in Primary Health Care in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State, in order to perform preventive screening for cervical cancer, specifically the Pap smear, in 2023. This is a cross-sectional, documentary study with a quantitative descriptive approach. Initially, the project was registered in the Research Management System (SGP) of the University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) and in the Plataforma Brasil. After legal procedures and subsequent authorization, its execution was approved. The data were collected from computerized municipal records centralized at the High-Risk Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic (GESTAR) in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State. Epidemiological data from women treated in Primary Care in the year 2023 were gathered. Data collection took place between July 2024 and October 2025, on dates and times previously scheduled between GESTAR administration and the researchers, who organized themselves into pairs to collect the material on-site. To standardize and systematize data collection, a spreadsheet was developed containing information on the participants’ neighborhood of origin, age group, and detailed characteristics of the cytological samples, ensuring consistency and organization in the recording of information. After this stage, analyses and cross-referencing of the data were carried out to identify the profile of the women who sought prevention services in the Primary Health Care system of the selected municipality. Pap smear tests performed in Primary Health Care in Jaú-SP in 2023 were analyzed, assessing screening coverage, age-group adequacy, and sample quality. Of the 5,176 tests, 87.86% met the recommended age criteria and 75.56% showed a transformation zone, highlighting the importance of screening quality for the early detection of cervical cancer.