Análise dos impactos clínicos da cirurgia bariátrica em pacientes adultos jovens: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Studies have shown that bariatric surgery in many young adults is a beneficial alternative in the management of severe obesity, but its effects, risks and long-term suitability are not widely disseminated in medical practice or in the literature. The aim of this literature review was to assess the clinical impacts of bariatric surgery in young patients. A search was carried out for previous studies on the PubMed and BVS platforms using the descriptors “bariatric surgery, young adult, obesity management, health”. Articles published from 2017 to 2024, full-text articles and clinical trial and controlled clinical trial articles were included, and off-topic and duplicate articles were excluded. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 27 scientific articles were selected. The studies analyzed showed that surgery brings significant benefits not only in the treatment of obesity but also in comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In addition to metabolic and fertility gains, there is evidence of an improvement in life expectancy. However, the study also points to risks associated with bariatrics, such as vitamin deficiency, loss of muscle mass and oral health problems. These complications highlight the need for rigorous, multidisciplinary nutritional monitoring, especially for young people who are still developing physically. Gaps were identified in the research, such as the impact on quality of life and long-term metabolic adequacy, as well as a standardization of assessment methods to better compare results. In summary, the article concludes that bariatric surgery proved to be a beneficial intervention, but requires ongoing care to minimize its adverse effects.