A Relevância da Biossegurança na Prática Cirúrgica Odontológica

Abstract

Biosafety in oral surgery is a fundamental pillar for protecting the health of patients, professionals, and the clinical environment. This study aimed to review the literature on the protocols and the importance of biosafety in oral surgical procedures, addressing the inherent risks, preventive strategies, and accident management. The dental environment, especially during surgery, presents a high risk of cross-contamination by pathogens such as HBV, HCV, HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2, transmitted via direct contact or aerosols. The COVID-19 pandemic motivated the need for stringent measures, such as the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and correct donning/doffing techniques. The meticulous processing of surgical instruments, from decontamination to sterilization, and the aseptic preparation of the team and the patient are critical steps to ensure a sterile operative field. Despite the implementation of strict protocols, accidents with sharps, predominantly during exodontia (tooth extractions) and suturing, persist, requiring continuous vigilance and refinement of post-exposure conduct. A precise understanding of biosafety terminology and classifications is indispensable for the effective application of guidelines. It is concluded that strict adherence to biosafety standards and continuous education are essential to mitigate risks, prevent infections, and promote a safe and ethically responsible dental environment.