PANDEMIA COVID-19: IMPACTOS NA CAPACIDADE FÍSICA MENTAL E RECUPERAÇÃO DOS IDOSOS

Abstract

Introduction: Older adults are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 due to aging-related factors that weaken the immune system, making the body more susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and increasing the risk of complications. Objective: To identify the physical and mental consequences resulting from the mandatory isolation of the elderly in the context of the pandemic. Methodology: Integrative exploratory literature review. The integrative review was conducted in six stages. Inclusion criteria were limited to articles written in Portuguese and English, published in the last 5 years (2019 to 2023). Twenty articles were selected for final analysis and review construction. After article selection, a record of the selected works was made to guide data collection and analysis. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental and physical health of active older adults, causing psychological distress, while social isolation and the interruption of activities contributed to frailty and depressive symptoms. Preventive strategies, including assessing respiratory capacity in older adults with a history of COVID-19, are essential for well-being during and post- pandemic. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to the health of older adults, affecting both physical and mental well-being due to social distancing and restrictions on social activities. The use of technology was crucial for maintaining contact but also generated negative emotions, and self-medication and sleep problems were observed. There is a need for a holistic approach to elderly health, emphasizing the importance of prevention, social inclusion, and multiprofessional support. Conclusion: The studies highlight the challenges faced by older adults during the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care, such as investing in mental and physical health, physical activities, and technologies. Public policies should be sensitive to the needs of older adults, prioritizing preventive strategies and a holistic approach to ensure sustainable well-being in the post- pandemic period.