An Investigation of Syphilis Prevalence

An Epidemiological Analysis in the Five Largest Cities of Paraná between 2018 and 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of syphilis — in its acquired, congenital, and gestational forms — in the five largest cities of the state of Paraná (Curitiba, Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa, and Cascavel) between 2018 and 2024. An epidemiological, observational, descriptive, and temporal study was carried out using secondary public data obtained from the SINAN and DATASUS systems, as well as official epidemiological bulletins. Data were organized and analyzed by city, age group, sex, and year of notification. The results showed that Curitiba concentrated the highest number of cases in all three forms of the disease, followed by Cascavel and Ponta Grossa. The highest prevalence was observed in the 20–39 age group for both sexes, with notification peaks in 2022 and 2023, possibly associated with expanded testing strategies in the post-pandemic period. The findings confirm the persistence of syphilis as a major public health challenge in the state and highlight the need for integrated strategies of surveillance, prevention, and timely treatment, particularly for the most vulnerable populations. A key limitation of this study is its reliance on secondary data, which are subject to underreporting and registration delays. In conclusion, the temporal and spatial analysis of the disease provides valuable evidence to support the planning and improvement of public health policies.