Hematological Profile and Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women in the City of Ubiratã – Paraná

Hematological profile and anemia in pregnant women from Ubiratã, Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational anemia is a recurring public health problem that significantly affects maternal and fetal health. Its early identification and laboratory monitoring are essential to prevent complications during pregnancy. In this context, it is crucial to understand the hematological profile of pregnant women, identifying possible nutritional deficiencies and the prevalence of anemia. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize hematological parameters and estimate the prevalence of anemia in women treated in the municipality of Ubiratã–PR, Brazil. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study based on the analysis of 502 medical records of pregnant women aged between 18 and 43 years. Hemograms and complementary tests were evaluated, including serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Data collection was performed using the Concent software, and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted with the Jamovi software (version 2.5.5), applying normality tests and frequency comparisons. Conclusion: The results showed that 77% of the pregnant women presented normal hemoglobin values, while 23% exhibited levels below 11.5 g/dL. The mean values of serum iron and ferritin remained within reference limits, indicating a low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. No significant alterations were observed in vitamin B12, folic acid, or hemoglobin electrophoresis. It is concluded that most pregnant women presented adequate hematological parameters, highlighting the importance of prenatal monitoring and nutritional supplementation in the prevention of anemia. Public health policies and continuous follow-up are essential to maintain maternal-fetal health and reduce risks associated with gestational anemia.