Estratégias Terapêuticas na Abordagem da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by elevated blood pressure levels, associated with target organ damage, such as the heart and kidneys. Strongly correlated with metabolic disorders, it increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Often asymptomatic, it requires early diagnosis and integrated management with lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. Modern strategies include ambulatory monitoring and combination therapies for effective blood pressure control. Scielo and PubMed indexers were used as search engines for article selection, based on the keywords “Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Therapeutic Strategy, Blood Pressure” It is concluded that systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial condition and one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney failure, and premature mortality. In Brazil, it affects approximately 32.5% of adults and over 60% of the elderly. Its pathophysiology involves imbalances in the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing vascular remodeling and arterial stiffness. Factors such as obesity, high salt intake, and physical inactivity contribute to the disease’s development. Although frequently asymptomatic, SAH increases the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, requiring early diagnosis and effective management. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake and regular physical activity, in addition to medications, such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Combined therapy and continuous monitoring improve blood pressure control. Integrated approaches are essential to reduce complications and promote better quality of life.