SANGRAMENTO DA PRIMEIRA METADE DA GESTAÇÃO: ETIOLOGIAS, DIAGNÓSTICO E MANEJO

Abstract

Introduction: Bleeding in the first half of pregnancy occurs in up to 30% of pregnant women, ranging from benign causes, such as implantation bleeding, to serious complications, such as miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. Early and accurate diagnosis, using transvaginal ultrasound and β-hCG, is essential. Management depends on the etiology, and the multidisciplinary approach improves maternal-fetal outcomes. Methodology: The study reviewed articles from 2015 to 2024 on bleeding in the first half of pregnancy, addressing etiologies, diagnoses and managements. Original studies with full access were included. The critical analysis evaluated the methodological quality and sought to identify gaps in the literature, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management to avoid maternal and fetal complications. Results and discussions: In the first half of pregnancy, bleeding affects up to 30% of pregnant women and can result from benign causes, such as implantation bleeding, or serious complications, such as miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical evaluation, ultrasound and dosage of β-hCG are essential for early diagnosis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and the personalization of care, combined with emotional support and adequate guidance, is crucial to optimize maternal-fetal outcomes, reducing complications and promoting a safer pregnancy. Final Considerations: Bleeding in the first half of pregnancy is common and can have benign or serious causes, such as miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical evaluation, laboratory tests and ultrasound are essential for proper diagnosis and management. Personalized approaches and emotional support reduce risks and improve maternal-fetal outcomes, ensuring comprehensive and safe care.