MENINGITIS: SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND DISEASE SPREAD

Abstract

Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), presents a range of symptoms and progressions, classified as acute, subacute, or chronic. The meningococcus, among other microorganisms, stands out as the main agent, requiring a deep understanding of its symptoms for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Recognizing clinical signs such as fever, headache, nausea, and neck stiffness is crucial, as is performing laboratory tests such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The methodology adopted in this study, an integrative literature review, provided a comprehensive analysis of the signs, symptoms, and dissemination methods of meningitis. The PICo strategy was employed to formulate the guiding question, directing the search in specific databases, resulting in the careful selection of relevant articles. The thorough analysis of the selected works highlighted the importance of awareness and prevention, especially through vaccination, to mitigate the impacts of the disease. The results revealed that meningitis can be transmitted in various ways, including by asymptomatic carriers of the meningococcus. Clinical manifestation varies according to age and disease stage, requiring special attention to nonspecific symptoms in infants. Adequate treatment depends on identifying the causative agent, requiring avoidance of indiscriminate prescription of antibiotics and antivirals, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance and increase treatment costs. In summary, this study emphasizes the importance of public education, early diagnosis, and effective treatment in managing meningitis. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, governments, and civil society is essential to implement preventive measures and ensure better clinical outcomes. Detailed knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the disease is crucial to avoid adverse outcomes and reduce the impact of this serious condition on public health.