Surgical Techniques Assessment in Colorectal Tumor Resection: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Colorectal tumors encompass cancers that affect the colon or rectum, notable for their global prevalence and significant impact on health, with surgical resection being a fundamental approach in treating these tumors, aiming to remove affected areas and potentially cure the disease. Various surgical techniques are explored, ranging from traditional approaches such as conventional resection to more recent procedures like laparoscopic and robotic surgery. The choice of the appropriate surgical technique is crucial to optimize clinical outcomes and postoperative quality of life for patients.

Some studies address potential physiopathological differences between the two anastomotic techniques. It is believed that end-to-end anastomosis (EA) is associated with more significant surgical trauma due to longer cutaneous incisions required for manual access to the intestine. Performing EA in an extrabdominal environment may also contribute to increased traction on the mesentery, raising the risk of serosal injuries and intraoperative bleeding, potentially hindering postoperative recovery and elevating morbidity rates.

The selection of the proper surgical technique is paramount to achieving favorable clinical outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for patients. Additionally, by identifying knowledge gaps and areas requiring further research, this work contributes to ongoing advancements in the field, fostering the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. The present study aims to investigate the most utilized techniques for colorectal tumor resection, along with their efficacy and complications.