ASIA syndrome and the explant of silicone breast prosthesis

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to compile current evidence on the relationship between breast implants and the development of ASIA syndrome - autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants. As it is a plastic surgery commonly performed in Brazil and around the world, it is important to study the possible complications and consequences of breast augmentation using silicone implants, and in some cases it is necessary to explant the prosthesis. Methodology: 16 articles were evaluated during the period of September and October of 2023 to produce the bibliographic review in question, considering those in which the study was directed towards the autoimmunity reaction and inflammation resulting from silicone bleeding in patients who sought medical care after a certain surgery time with complaints of local signs in the breasts and systemic symptoms such as myalgia and arthralgia; Articles that addressed the development of neoplasms after silicone implants were excluded. Results and Discussion: The results obtained from the research were that despite recent evidence pointing to a correlation between the appearance of systemic symptoms of autoimmune disease in some patients after silicone implant placement surgery, there is in fact no evidence validated by the academic environment of ASIA syndrome, however, there are several symptoms that may arise in individuals with risk factors, which point to an inflammatory and immune-mediated syndrome as a result of silicone breast implants. Conclusion: It is known that plastic surgery to place silicone implants in the breasts is very prevalent in the world, which is why it is necessary to expand the discussion and studies about ASIA syndrome. Furthermore, it is important to be aware of surgical explant approaches, if necessary and required by patients.