INFANT BRONCHIOLITIS AND RESPIRATORY EMERGENCY CARE

Abstract

Infant bronchiolitis is a major lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children under two years of age, frequently encountered in pediatric urgent and emergency care settings. This study aimed to analyze key aspects of infant bronchiolitis, focusing on risk factors, signs of severity, and care provided during respiratory emergencies. It is an integrative literature review with a qualitative, descriptive approach, based on scientific articles, guidelines, and documents available in healthcare databases. Results showed that respiratory syncytial virus is the primary agent associated with the disease, although other viruses may also be involved. Very young infants, premature infants, and children with heart disease, chronic lung disease, or immunological disorders were found to be at higher risk for severe progression. Key warning signs include severe tachypnea, chest retractions, hypoxemia, apnea, cyanosis, feeding difficulties, dehydration, and altered levels of consciousness. The literature indicates that bronchiolitis management is predominantly supportive, involving clinical monitoring, maintenance of oxygenation and hydration, and continuous assessment of the need for respiratory support. In this context, the healthcare team plays a fundamental role in patient reception, risk stratification, early identification of respiratory deterioration, vital sign monitoring, and family guidance. The study concludes that systematized, individualized, and evidence-based care contributes to the early identification of severe cases, a reduction in complications, and improved quality of care for children with bronchiolitis.