Síndrome Metabólica associada ao uso de antipsicóticos: mecanismos fisiopatológicos, estratégias terapêuticas e manejo clínico

Maria Eduarda Cavenague dos Reis Diegues; Eleniza de Victor Adämowski

doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n9p5-22

Authors

Maria Eduarda Cavenague dos Reis Diegues Centro Universitário Cesumar
Eleniza de Victor Adämowski

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n9p5-22

Keywords:

síndrome metabólica; antipsicóticos; resistência à insulina; ganho de peso.

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic use represents a significant clinical challenge due to its high prevalence and impact on morbidity and mortality among patients with psychiatric disorders. Antipsychotic drugs, particularly second-generation agents, are linked to important metabolic alterations, including weight gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This study aims to analyze the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this process, as well as to discuss preventive strategies and clinical management approaches through an integrative literature review. Articles published between 2020 and march of 2026 were selected from PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, using descriptors such as “antipsychotics”, “metabolic syndrome”, “insulin resistance”, and “weight gain”. Evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction results from the interaction between neuroendocrine changes, modulation of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine and serotonin), and direct effects on energy metabolism and appetite regulation. Preventive strategies include early interventions, regular metabolic monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and careful selection of antipsychotic agents. Clinical management may involve pharmacological adjustments, adjunctive therapies, and a multidisciplinary approach. It is concluded that early identification and integrated intervention are essential to minimize risks and improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in this population.

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