Doença de Ménière: fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas e implicações diagnósticas — uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n8p481-513Keywords:
Doença de Ménière; Hidropisia Endolinfática; Vertigem; Zumbido; Labirintopatias.Abstract
Ménière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent auditory and vestibular manifestations, whose etiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to analyze the main risk factors, signs, and symptoms associated with Ménière's disease based on scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2025. An integrative literature review with a descriptive approach was conducted using PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE (via the Virtual Health Library), and Google Scholar databases. Searches were performed using DeCS and MeSH descriptors combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. After applying the eligibility criteria, 21 studies were included in the final sample. The findings demonstrated that Ménière's disease has a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, immunological, metabolic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The most consistently reported risk factors included advanced age, sleep disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, smoking, hypothyroidism, metabolic alterations, and genetic susceptibility. The main clinical manifestations were recurrent vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness, in addition to persistent dizziness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, anxiety, cognitive impairment, reduced quality of life, and, in more severe cases, drop attacks. It is concluded that Ménière's disease exhibits a heterogeneous clinical presentation resulting from the interaction between cochleovestibular dysfunction, systemic factors, and psychosocial repercussions. These findings reinforce the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, longitudinal follow-up, and multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Henrique Alves, Régis Rodrigues Santana, Marcelo Carneiro dos Santos, Juliana Pires Ribeiro, Nathania Rodrigues Santiago, Caroline Marinho de Araújo, Brenda Kaoanna Borges de Souza, Katiulcy Carvalho Oliveira, Álvaro Paulo Silva Souza, Ivan Silveira de Avelar, Sandra Oliveira Santos
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