Myopia Progression Control: Recent Advances, Therapeutic Strategies, and Evidence-Based Care

Abstract

Introduction: The rising prevalence of myopia and its impact on global eye health establish this condition as a key priority in contemporary ophthalmology. Beyond being a simple refractive error, progressive myopia represents a complex biological process associated with axial elongation of the eyeball, which increases the risk of irreversible complications. In this context, the therapeutic paradigm has shifted from simple optical correction to strategies aimed at controlling disease progression, with the goal of preserving visual function throughout life. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review employing an exploratory, qualitative approach. Data collection will involve consulting databases such as BVS and SciELO, using controlled descriptors aligned with DeCS. The search covers publications from 2012 to 2025 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, focusing on human studies available as "free full-text" articles. Article selection will be conducted independently by two reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Following an initial screening of titles and abstracts, eligible studies will undergo full-text analysis. Objectives: To critically examine the latest scientific evidence regarding the primary treatments and care strategies used to control myopia, discussing their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, limitations, safety profiles, and current recommendations based on international consensus and high-impact clinical studies. Conclusion: Contemporary myopia management must be grounded in individualized. Incorporating these strategies into clinical practice represents a significant advancement in preventing visual impairment associated with high myopia, contributing to better visual outcomes and a reduction in the condition's epidemiological burden in the coming decades.