EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HOSPITAL MORTALITY DUE TO CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN THE STATE OF MARANHAO FROM 2011 TO 2021

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory condition that restricts airflow, represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, with a predominance of deaths occurring in the hospital setting. The objective of this study is to outline the epidemiological profile of hospital mortality due to COPD in the state of Maranhão, from 2011 to 2021, to help analyze and identify the target population for these deaths. This is an ecological study conducted by collecting data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), provided by the secondary database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Data related to reported cases of the disease in the selected location and period were collected, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed based on sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables: number of deaths, gender, age group, and microregion.During this period, 994 deaths due to COPD were recorded in the state, with 54.8% being male and 45.1% female. In 2019, there were 121 cases, which was the highest number recorded. In contrast, in 2021, there were 67 deaths, the lowest number of COPD-related deaths compared to the other years analyzed. The age group between 70 and 79 years accounted for 31.9% of the deaths, and those aged 80 or older represented 34.5%, totaling 66.4% of all COPD-related deaths. In contrast, the age group of 1 to 4 years had a mortality rate of 0.2%, the lowest percentage. Analyzing the microregions of Maranhão, it was observed that the São Luís Urban Agglomeration had the highest mortality rate, with 14.68 deaths per 100 hospitalizations, while the lowest mortality rate was recorded in Baixo Parnaíba Maranhense, where there were only reported deaths in 2018. Understanding the epidemiology of these deaths is essential to reduce hospital mortality due to COPD and guide preventive and health promotion efforts.