Ad Use of Cannabinoids in Anxiety Disorders: Benefits and Risks

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide and are associated with significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Despite the availability of effective pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, limitations related to therapeutic response, adverse effects, and treatment adherence have encouraged the search for complementary alternatives, including cannabinoids. This study aimed to review recent scientific evidence regarding the benefits and risks associated with the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of anxiety disorders. An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies published in English between January 2020 and May 2026. The search strategy employed the descriptors “medicinal cannabis,” “cannabinoids,” “cannabidiol,” “CBD,” “THC,” “anxiety disorders,” “benefits,” and “risks,” combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing the use of cannabinoids in individuals with anxiety disorders were included. The analyzed studies demonstrated growing interest in the therapeutic application of cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol, due to its potential anxiolytic effects and favorable safety profile. However, the available evidence remains heterogeneous regarding formulations, dosages, and methodological approaches, making it difficult to establish standardized clinical recommendations. Furthermore, concerns persist regarding potential adverse effects, especially in formulations containing tetrahydrocannabinol. It is concluded that cannabinoids represent a promising therapeutic option for the management of anxiety disorders; however, more robust clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy, safety, and applicability in clinical practice.