Use of biopsy in stomatology: indications and techniques
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n7p506-519Keywords:
Medicina bucal; Biópsia; Saúde bucalAbstract
Stomatology is a field of dentistry regulated by the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) since
1992; it focuses on health promotion and enables the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies
affecting the oral mucosa, the jaws, and associated structures. Oral biopsy is a widely used
procedure for obtaining tissue for histopathological analysis and is essential for diagnosing
oral lesions. This study is a narrative literature review with a descriptive nature and a
quantitative approach. It was conducted using a search strategy based on the DeCS terms "oral
medicine," "oral health," and "biopsy" in both English and Portuguese, consulting the
electronic databases PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected through an
analysis of titles, abstracts, and full texts, covering publications from 2016 to 2026. Before
performing a biopsy, a thorough anamnesis is essential to obtain a complete medical history.
Evaluating clinical characteristics, the chronology of symptoms, aggravating and alleviating
factors, and the presence of comorbidities helps establish a diagnostic hypothesis. Biopsies
can be classified as incisional or excisional; the former involves the partial removal of the
lesion, while the latter entails complete removal. Both types undergo histopathological
analysis to determine the diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Based on the data
reviewed, biopsy proves fundamental in diagnosing unusual oral cavity lesions, particularly
those with malignant potential.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Letícia Karoline Batista Lucio, Shaelly de Andrade Cardoso Lopes, Vanessa de Carla Batista Dos Santos, Fernanda Braga Peixoto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors are copyright holders under a CCBY 4.0 license.
