Caracterização imunogenética e epidemiológica da Diabetes Mellitus do tipo I
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n5p1700-1726Keywords:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Immunogenetics; EpidemiologyAbstract
Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, involving complex immunological mechanisms associated with genetic and environmental factors. Objective: To gather and present relevant information about the immunogenetic and epidemiological characterization of DM1, emphasizing its main pathophysiological mechanisms and factors associated with the development of the disease. Methodology: This is a systematic review conducted through research in scientific articles, books, monographs, and institutional documents available in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar databases and the Atlas of the International Diabetes Federation. Studies published between 1986 and 2024, in Portuguese and English, related to the epidemiology, immunogenetics, and immunopathology of DM1 were included. Results and discussion: The studies demonstrated that DM1 has a multifactorial character, involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and complex immunological mechanisms. Genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) stand out, as well as the participation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the destruction of pancreatic β cells. Alarming epidemiological data were also evidenced, with a high incidence and prevalence of the disease in children and adolescents, especially in Brazil. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) has a significant epidemiological and immunopathological impact, requiring a broad understanding of its mechanisms to improve diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Caio Braulio de Sousa Barbosa, Cristhyano Henrique de Jesus Marquardt, Gérci Libero da Silva Jr, Marcos Orélio Carvalho Alves, Joyce Kellen Iglesias Souto, Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
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