The role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of functional dysfunctions after hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n5p1555-1582Keywords:
Total Hip Arthroplasty, Hip Osteoarthritis, Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Functional Physical PerformanceAbstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent global degenerative condition that causes chronic pain and severe mobility limitations. In advanced stages, Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is the primary surgical intervention; however, the procedure alone does not immediately resolve the muscle activation deficits and compensatory gait patterns established during the preoperative period. Objective: To describe the role of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of post-THA functional dysfunctions in patients with osteoarthritis, analyzing the main associated dysfunctions and evaluating the influence of physical therapy interventions on the recovery of joint function. Methods: This is a literature review. Articles related to postoperative physical therapy treatment for hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis, written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish between 2016 and 2026, were included. The search utilized the descriptors "Physical Therapy", "Rehabilitation", "Total Hip Arthroplasty", "Osteoarthritis", "Hip", and "Functional Status" in both Portuguese and English across the MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus (Elsevier), and Cochrane Library databases. Following the application of selection criteria, 10 studies were selected. Results: The findings indicate that patients who do not undergo a continuous exercise program exhibit persistent functional limitations, restricted range of motion (ROM), and a significant reduction in peak isometric torque of the hip-stabilizing musculature up to the sixth postoperative month. Conversely, the implementation of perioperative physical therapy significantly reduces the level of functional dependence, restoring autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Additionally, clinical equivalence and safety were observed in the use of properly guided and monitored home-based protocols compared to the traditional in-person model. Conclusion: Physical therapy intervention acts as an indispensable mediating element in the postoperative period of THA, converting the anatomical gain provided by the prosthesis into effective biomechanical restoration, physical independence, and improved quality of life for patients with osteoarthritis.
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