Origem anomala da artéria ilíaca interna e ausência da artéria ilíaca comum: observação em cadáver

Abstract

The internal iliac artery plays a crucial role in supplying the pelvic viscera and walls, as well as in surgical procedures involving this region. Anatomical variations in its origin may alter classical surgical landmarks and increase intraoperative risks. The aim of this study was to describe a rare anatomical variation characterized by a high anomalous origin of the internal iliac artery associated with the bilateral absence of the common iliac arteries, observed in a cadaveric specimen during routine study in a human anatomy laboratory. During the analysis of the retroperitoneal and pelvic regions, a proximal ectopic origin of the internal iliac arteries directly from the abdominal aorta was identified, configuring a quadrifurcation pattern, above the usual site of bifurcation into the common iliac arteries. The vessels exhibited a descending medial course toward the pelvic cavity, while the external iliac arteries maintained their typical anatomical pathway. This represents an extremely rare variation with significant clinical relevance in gynecological, urological, vascular, and reconstructive surgeries. Prior recognition of such anatomical anomalies is essential for safe surgical planning and prevention of iatrogenic vascular injuries.