Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Chronic renal failure is a progressive disease characterized by a gradual destruction of the nephrons and a consequent reduction in renal function. End-stage kidney disease (ESRD) requires renal replacement therapy such as peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis or transplantation. Patients affected by ESRD or on hemodialysis are at risk of developing a series of comorbidities, including hypertension, anemia, risk of bleeding, susceptibility to infection, side effects of medications and oral manifestations associated with the disease itself and treatment on hemodialysis. In this context, oral diseases represent a potential and preventable cause of poor health outcomes in people with ESRD due to their relationship with infection, inflammation and malnutrition.
References
- 1. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol. 66, pp. 666–676, 2015.
- 2. J. Guggenheimer, B. Eghtesad, and D. J. Stock, “Dental management of the (solid) organ transplant patient,” Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 383–389, 2003.
3. E. A. Georgakopoulou, M. D. Achtari, and N. Afentoulide, “Dental management of patients before and after renal transplantation,” Stomatologija, vol. 13, pp. 107–112, 2011.
4. A. Vasanthan and N. Dallal, “Periodontal treatment considerations for cell transplant and organ transplant patients,” Periodontol 2000, vol. 44, pp. 82–102, 2007.
5. S. Martí Alamo, C. Gavaldá Esteve, and M. G. Sarrión Pérez, “Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease,” Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, vol. 3, pp. E112–E119, 2011.
6. A. S. Levey, K. U. Eckardt, Y. Tsukamoto et al., “Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO),” Kidney International, vol. 67, pp. 2089–2100, 2005.
7. S. L. Segelnick and M. A. Weinberg, “The periodontist’s role in obtaining clearance prior to patients undergoing a kidney transplant,” Journal of Periodontology, vol. 80, pp. 874–877, 2009.
8. R. Proctor, N. Kumar, A. Stein, D. Moles, and S. Porter, “Oral and dental aspects of chronic renal failure,” Journal of Dental Research, vol. 84, pp. 199–208, 2005.
9. S. S. De Rossi and M. Glick, “Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease receiving hemodialysis,” Journal of the American Dental Association, vol. 127, pp. 211–219, 1996.
10. S. Williams, K. Malatesta, and K. Norris, “Vitamin D and chronic kidney disease,” Ethnicity & Disease, vol. 19, pp. S5–8-11, 2009.
11. P. M. Mannucci, G. Remuzzi, F. Pusineri et al., “Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin shortens the bleeding time in uremia,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 308, no. 1, pp. 8–12, 1983.
12. J. A. Sloand and M. J. Schiff, “Beneficial effect of low-dose transdermal estrogen on bleeding time and clinical bleeding in uremia,” American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 1995.
13. P. A. Janson, S. J. Jubelirer, M. J. Weinstein, and D. Deykin, “Treatment of the bleeding tendency in uremia with cryoprecipitate,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 303, no. 23, pp. 1318–1322, 1980.
14. E. J. Raubenheimer, C. E. Noffke, and H. D. Hendrik, “Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder: an update on the pathology and cranial manifestations,” Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 239–243, 2015.
15. J. T. Klassen and B. M. Krasko, “The dental health status of dialysis patients,” Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, vol. 68, pp. 34–38, 2002.
16. A. Jover Cerveró, J. V. Bagán, Y. Jiménez Soriano, and R. Poveda Roda, “Dental management in renal failure: patients on dialysis,” Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, vol. 13, pp. E419–426, 2008.
17. A. Leonard, L. Raij, and F. L. Shapiro, “Bacterial endocarditis in regularly dialyzed patients,” Kidney International, vol. 4, pp. 407–422, 1973.
18. J. C. Leão, L. A. Gueiros, A. V. Segundo, A. A. Carvalho, W. Barrett, and S. R. Porter, “Uremic stomatitis in chronic renal failure,” Clinics, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 259–262, 2005.
19. E. de la Rosa Garcìa, A. Mondragòn Padilla, S. Aranda Romo, and M. A. Bustamente Ramìrez, “Oral mucosa symptoms, signs and lesions, in end stage renal disease and non–end stage renal disease diabetic patients,” Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, vol. 11, pp. E467–E473, 2006.
20. M. Dioguardi, G. A. Caloro, G. Troiano et al., “Oral manifestations in chronic uremia patients,” Renal Failure, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.
21. P. C. Fox, P. F. van der Ven, B. C. Sonies, J. M. Weiffenbach, and B. J. Baum, “Xerostomia: evaluation of a symptom with increasing significance,” Journal of the American Dental Association, vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 519–525, 1985.
22. J. S. Sobrado Marinho, I. Tomàs Carmona, A. Loureiro, J. Limeres Posse, L. Carcià Caballero, and P. Diz Dios, “Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure,” Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, vol. 12, pp. 305–310, 2007.
23. M. Dencheva, “Dialysis, renal transplantation and oral health many-sided nature of dental focal doctrine,” Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1878–1881, 2010.
24. K. Naugle, M. L. Darby, D. B. Bauman, L. T. Lineberger, and R. Powers, “The oral health status of individuals on renal dialysis,” Annals of Periodontology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 197–205, 1998.
25. K. Nylund, J. H. Meurman, A. M. Heikkinen, E. Honkanen, M. Vesterinen, and H. Ruokonen, “Oral health in predialysis patients with emphasis on periodontal disease,” Quintessence International, vol. 46, pp. 899–907, 2015.
26. J. Rustemeyer and A. Bremerich, “Necessity of surgical dental foci treatment prior to organ transplantation and heart valve replacement,” Clinical Oral Investigations, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 171–174, 2007.
27. A. V. Kshirsagar, R. G. Craig, K. L. Moss et al., “Periodontal disease adversely affects the survival of patients with end-stage renal disease,” Kidney International, vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 746–751, 2009.
28. E. Davidovich, M. Davidovits, E. Eidelman, Z. Schwarz, and E. Bimstein, “Pathophysiology, therapy and oral implications of renal failure in children and adolescents: an update,” Pediatric Dentistry, vol. 27, pp. 98–106, 2005.
29. M. Ruospo, S. C. Palmer, J. C. Craig et al., “Prevalence and severity of oral disease in adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of observational studies,” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 29, pp. 364–375, 2014.
30. A. R. Gosmanov, E. O. Gosmanova, and C. P. Kovesdy, “Evaluation and management of diabetic and non-diabetic hypoglycemia in end-stage renal disease,” Nephrol Dial Transplant, vol. 31, pp. 8–15, 2016.
31. I. Saif, A. Adkins, V. Kewley, A. Woywodt, and V. Brookes, “Routine and emergency management guidelines for the dental patient with renal disease and kidney transplant. Part 1,” Dental Update, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 185-186, 2011.
32. P. B. Lockhart, B. Loven, M. T. Brennan, and P. C. Fox, “The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice,” Journal of the American Dental Association, vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 458–474, 2007.
33. W. Wilson, K. A. Taubert, M. Gewitz et al., “Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group,” Circulation, vol. 116, no. 15, pp. 1736–1754, 2007, In press.
34. J. L. Gutiérrez, J. V. Bagán, A. Bascones et al., “Consensus document on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental surgery and procedures,” Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, vol. 11, pp. E188–205, 2006.
35. A. M. Venkatesan, S. Kundu, D. Sacks, Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee et al., “Practice guidelines for adult antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and interventional radiology procedures. Written by the Standards of Practice Committee for the Society of Interventional Radiology and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association [corrected],” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1611–1630, 2010.
36. F. O. Finkelstein, K. L. Arsenault, A. Taveras, K. Awuah, and S. H. Finkelstein, “Assessing and improving the health-related quality of life of patients with ESRD,” Nature Reviews Nephrology, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 718–724, 2012.
37. A. Reckert, J. Hinrichs, H. Pavenstädt, B. Frye, and G. Heuft, “Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD),” Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 170–188, 2013.
38. G. Schmalz, O. Kollmar, R. Vasko, G. A. Müller, R. Haak, and D. Ziebolz, “Oral health-related quality of life in patients on chronic haemodialysis and after kidney transplantation,” Oral Diseases, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 665–672, 2016.
39. A. H. Pakpour, S. Kumar, B. Fridlund, and S. Zimmer, “A case-control study on oralhealth-related quality of life in kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis,” Clinical Oral Investigations, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1235–1243, 2015.
40. I. Saif, A. Adkins, V. Kewley, A. Woywodt, and V. Brookes, “Routine and emergency management guidelines for the dental patient with renal disease and kidney transplant. Part 2,” Dent Update, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 250-251, 2011.
41. G. Castronovo, G. Liani, A. Fedon et al., “The effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on the severity of drug-induced gingival overgrowth in transplant patients,” Quintessence International, vol. 45, pp. 115–124, 2014.
42. G. Bayraktar, I. Kurtulus, A. Duraduryan et al., “Dental and periodontal findings in hemodialysis patients,” Oral Diseases, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 393–397, 2007.
43. N. R. Gautam, N. S. Gautam, T. H. Rao, R. Koganti, R. Agarwal, and M. Alamanda, “Effect of end-stage renal disease on oral health in patients undergoing renal dialysis: a cross-sectional study,” Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 164–169, 2014.
44. A. Gudapati, P. Ahmed, and R. Rada, “Dental management of patients with renal failure,” General Dentistry, vol. 50, pp. 508–510, 2002.
45. A. M. Xavier, K. Rai, and A. M. Hegde, “Preventative protocols and management of oral pathologies in chronic kidney disease: an update,” Biological and Biomedical Reports, vol. 2, pp. 1–9, 2012.
46. T. E. Matsha, Y. Y. Yako, M. A. Rensburg, M. S. Hassan, A. P. Kengne, and R. T. Erasmus, “Chronic kidney diseases in mixed ancestry south African populations: prevalence, determinants and concordance between kidney function estimators,” BMC Nephrology, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 75, 2013.
47. S. A. ElHafeez, D. Bolignano, G. D’Arrigo, E. Dounousi, G. Tripepi, and C. Zoccali, “Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review,” BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 1, Article ID e015069, 2018.
48. U. Reyes, A. E. Spolarich, and P. P. Han, “A Comprehensive oral preventive care protocol for caring for the renal transplant population,” Journal of Dental Hygiene, vol. 90, pp. 88–99, 2016.
49. Costantinides, Fulvia, et al. "Dental Care for Patients with end-stage renal disease and undergoing hemodialysis." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (2018).
CONFLITO DE INTERESSES
Os autores declaram não haver conflitos de interesse
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors declare no conflicts of interest
Authors are copyright holders under a CCBY 4.0 license.