Cuidados clínicos e psicossociais prestados a pacientes com úlceras venosas: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging has intensified the prevalence of complex chronic diseases, including chronic wounds. Venous ulcers show increasing prevalence among elderly and institutionalized patients. It is essential to have a comprehensive approach that considers physical treatment of lesions and emotional and social impacts. Objective: To identify scientific evidence on the physical, emotional, and social impacts experienced by patients with chronic venous ulcers in Primary Care. Methodology: Integrative review, structured in six stages: development of research question; establishment of criteria for the search, inclusion, and exclusion of studies; definition of information to be extracted from selected studies; critical analysis; interpretation of results; and presentation of synthesis. Results: The organization of care and the use of care protocols are fundamental to improving the quality of care for people with venous ulcers. These individuals frequently have compromised quality of life due to the need for continuous care and specific treatments. In this context, systematic monitoring and integrated action by the health team contribute to better results in the healing process. Furthermore, standardization of care promotes the organization of professionals' work and improves the quality of care in Primary Health Care. Conclusion: It is concluded that venous ulcers cause significant impacts on the health of affected individuals, evidenced by pain, functional limitations, psychological suffering, and restrictions in social interactions. These findings reinforce the need for a comprehensive approach, with multidisciplinary action and based on evidence, to improve care and minimize harm to quality of life.