Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico na Gestação: Manifestações Neurológicas e Dermatológicas e Seus Impactos nos Desfechos Obstétricos

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune

disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Pregnancy in patients with SLE is considered high-risk, and neurological and dermatological manifestations during this period may indicate severe systemic activity and directly influence maternal-fetal outcomes. Objectives: To analyze recent scientific evidence on the prevalence and impact of neurological and dermatological manifestations of SLE in pregnancy and their correlation with adverse obstetric outcomes. Methodology: Literature review conducted in PubMed and SciELO databases, using DeCS descriptors, selecting 21 articles published between 2020 and 2025. Original studies, systematic reviews, and clinical protocols addressing SLE complications in pregnancy were included. Results: Neurological manifestations (neuropsychiatric SLE), such as persistent headache, seizures, and psychosis, are associated with a significantly higher risk of pre-eclampsia and the need for preterm birth. Dermatological manifestations, such as malar rash and cutaneous vasculitis, serve as markers of disease activity and correlate with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal loss. The presence of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies increases the risk of neonatal lupus and fetal congenital heart block. Conclusion: Early multidisciplinary management, pregnancy planning during periods of remission, and rigorous monitoring of clinical manifestations are essential to mitigate negative impacts and ensure favorable obstetric outcomes