As Principais Comorbidades Associadas À Síndrome de Down: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify and analyze the main comorbidities associated with Down syndrome through a systematic review of the scientific literature. The research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, using the SciELO, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases. Articles available in full, published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, that directly addressed clinical comorbidities related to Down syndrome were included, encompassing studies published between 1983 and 2025. Some older works were retained in the analysis due to their scientific relevance and the rarity of the clinical conditions described. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducting a careful reading of the studies, 13 articles comprised the final sample of the review. The results showed that individuals with Down syndrome present a high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, particularly congenital heart defects, in addition to endocrine and metabolic disorders such as hypothyroidism and obesity. Neurological alterations were also identified, including an increased risk for the early development of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as respiratory, sensory, nutritional, and psychiatric conditions, which directly impact functionality and quality of life. Furthermore, aging was associated with an increased burden of comorbidities and progressive functional decline. It is concluded that Down syndrome should be understood from a comprehensive health perspective, considering the multiplicity of associated conditions, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis, continuous follow-up, and a multidisciplinary approach to health promotion, disease prevention, and improvement of quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome.