AIDS in Brazil: A Temporal Analysis of AIDS Incidence Using DATASUS Data (2015–2025)

Abstract

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a significant global public health issue, characterized by the widespread dissemination of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the occurrence of regional epidemics. In Brazil, the disease has been subject to mandatory notification since the 1980s and has presented an annual average of approximately 35,000 new cases over the past five years. Diagnosis is provided free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) through rapid testing, and treatment is carried out with antiretroviral therapy, which contributes to reducing morbidity and mortality. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of AIDS cases in Brazil from 2015 to 2025. This is a descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data from health surveillance systems. Variables related to sex, age group, and temporal distribution of cases were analyzed. During the study period, 391,696 AIDS cases were recorded in the country, with a predominance among males (approximately 71%) and higher concentration in the 20–34 and 35–49 age groups. A gradual reduction trend in the number of cases was observed throughout the historical series, with a more pronounced decline in 2020, possibly associated with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services. The results reinforce the need to strengthen prevention strategies, expand testing, and improve public health policies aimed at the most vulnerable populations, in order to reduce HIV transmission and contribute to controlling the epidemic in Brazil.