DECOMPRESSION OF UNICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA IN THE RETROMOLAR REGION: A CASE REPORT

Abstract

Unicystic ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm characterized by slow growth but with the potential for significant bone destruction. It is most common in the posterior region of the mandible, especially in the retromolar area. Treatment can vary between conservative and radical approaches, with decompression being an alternative aimed at reducing the size of the lesion and preserving important anatomical structures. Objective: To report a clinical case of decompression of unicystic ameloblastoma in the retromolar region, highlighting the therapeutic approach adopted, clinical evolution, and results obtained, as well as discussing the relevance of the technique as a conservative option in the management of the lesion. Case Report: A young male patient presented with a painless swelling in the right mandibular retromolar region. Radiographic examinations showed a unilocular radiolucent image compatible with unicystic ameloblastoma. Surgical decompression was chosen, with the placement of a device to maintain the cavity open and continuous drainage. Clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated progressive reduction of the lesion, favoring bone neoformation and preservation of adjacent dental structures. After a follow-up period, significant regression of the lesion was observed, allowing for the planning of a less invasive complementary intervention. Conclusion: Decompression proved effective as a conservative approach, promoting lesion reduction and preservation of local structures. This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic choice, considering the patient's age, lesion location, and possibility of bone regeneration. When properly indicated and monitored, the technique represents a viable alternative to radical treatment, contributing to lower morbidity and improved patient quality of life.