Analysis of axial and oblique stresses in peri-implant bone using different types of abutments in Morse taper implants: a finite element study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n3p1259-1278Keywords:
Dental Implants, Implant-Supported Dental Prosthesis, Finite Element Analysis, Biomechanics, OsseointegrationAbstract
Dental implants represent a predictable and safe alternative for the rehabilitation of patients with tooth loss. Factors such as implant length and diameter, as well as the type of prosthetic connection and abutment design, may directly influence stress distribution to the peri-implant bone and prosthetic components, impacting the biomechanical success of implant-supported rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in peri-implant bone in an implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis with Morse taper connection, comparing two types of abutments: one-piece conical mini abutment (MA) and two-piece conical abutment with hexagonal index (AC), using the finite element method. Three-dimensional computational models of implants and prosthetic components were obtained from a commercial manufacturer (SIN Implants, São Paulo, Brazil). The models represented a mandibular fixed partial prosthesis involving the second premolar and second molar, each supported by an osseointegrated Morse taper implant (Unitite 4.3 × 10 mm) positioned at the center of the respective crowns. Two types of straight screw-retained abutments were evaluated, with a transmucosal height of 1.5 mm and a diameter of 4.3 mm. The prosthesis was simulated with a cobalt-chromium alloy framework with a minimum thickness of 0.3 mm and ceramic veneering with a minimum thickness of 0.9 mm. Stresses were analyzed under axial and oblique loading conditions. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the AC model, composed of two pieces, presented stress values approximately 39% higher than those observed in the one-piece MA model. Qualitative analysis showed stress concentration mainly in the cervical region of the peri-implant bone. Under oblique loading, peak stresses occurred in the same region observed under axial loading. It can be concluded that both models showed satisfactory biomechanical performance under the simulated conditions; however, the MA model demonstrated better biomechanical behavior, presenting lower stress concentrations in the peri-implant bone compared with the AC model.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Eduardo D Avila Pedrini , Jullyana Mayara Preizner Dezanetti Hermeling, Túlio Del Conte Valcanaia, Artur Jorge Crispim, Pedro Paulo Feltrin, Artemio Luiz Zanetti, Dante Del Vale Valcanaia
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