Mortalidade hospitalar por colelitíase no SUS: análise por sexo e faixa etária

Abstract

Introduction: Gallstone disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal conditions, with significant impact on health systems. Evidence indicates higher occurrence among women and increased frequency with advancing age, associated with hormonal, metabolic, and reproductive factors. Objective: To analyze the profile of hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality due to gallstone disease and cholecystitis in Brazil, according to sex and age group. Methods: An epidemiological, observational, retrospective, and quantitative study based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), available through DATASUS. Hospital admissions for gallstone disease (ICD-10: K80) and cholecystitis (ICD-10: K81) from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed, considering number of admissions, deaths, sex, age group, and year of processing. Descriptive analysis and calculation of in-hospital lethality rates were performed. Results: A total of 2,825,213 hospital admissions were recorded, with a predominance of females (76.6%). Admissions were mainly concentrated among adults aged 30 to 59 years, especially those aged 40 to 49 years. There were 21,542 in-hospital deaths, with a higher absolute number among women; however, in-hospital lethality was higher among men (1.41%) compared to women (0.56%). A marked reduction in admissions was observed in 2020, followed by recovery in subsequent years. Conclusion: Gallstone disease and cholecystitis represent a relevant public health issue in Brazil, with higher admission rates among women and greater clinical severity among men. Preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and timely management are essential to reduce hospitalizations and mortality within the public health system.