Alterações hemodinâmicas na pré-eclâmpsia: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disease with hemodynamic complications that occurs during pregnancy due to faulty placentation. The condition is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the twentieth week of pregnancy, and can cause alterations in other systems, such as visual disturbances, epigastric pain, and headache. It may lead to maternal-fetal complications like placental abruption, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, cerebral edema, and seizures. The main hemodynamic changes present as alterations in cardiac architecture and function, imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, endothelial injury, and glomerular damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search the literature for the hemodynamic changes present in this disease in order to compile them and demonstrate their clinical implications. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that the knowledge gaps related to the topic were addressed, highlighting the importance of research for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Publications were collected from PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, and UpToDate databases, using the keywords "Pregnancy", "Alterations", "Hemodynamic”, "Physiological", and "Preeclampsia". The research included articles published between 2010 and 2022, in Portuguese and English. The analysis of the 13 selected articles reveals several knowledge gaps and also new discoveries of potential diagnostic markers for the disease, highlighting the urgency to further research in this area in order to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of preeclampsia.