SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND PREVALENCE OF HIV BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERGIPE, BRAZIL

Authors

  • José Rodrigo Santos Silva Department of Statistics, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Bruna Jijyon Familia Lourenço Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Helton Luis Simplicio Santos Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Bianca Santos Mecenas Cardoso Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Tiago Santana Santos Department of Morphology. Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Marco Antônio Prado Nunes Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Health Management, Innovation, and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • José Aderval Aragão Titular Professor of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Francisco Prado Reis Titular Professor of the Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Vera Lúcia Corrêa Feitosa Titular Professor of Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n2p443-464

Keywords:

HIV, COVID-19, spatial analysis, epidemiology

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of - HIV in the state of Sergipe, Brazil during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods of COVID-19, from 2017–2019 to 2020–2022. Methods: An ecological, analytical study was conducted using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of the Sergipe Stat Health Department (2017–2022). Sociodemographic variables were analyzed based on frequencies, chi-square tests, and Cramér’s V. HIV prevalence rates per 100,000 inhabitants and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Spatial analysis employed methods such as K-means clustering, Bayesian smoothing, Moran’s I, LISA, and spatial scan statistics. Data were organized in Excel and analyzed using R software (v4.4.2), with a 5% significance level. Results: Between 2020 and 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a general reduction in HIV rates compared to 2017–2019, especially among individuals aged 20 to 39, of both sexes, with the sharpest reductions among White and/Asian populations. Changes related to education level and pregnancy status were minimal. In the pre-pandemic period, the municipalities with the highest concentration of cases were Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, and São Cristóvão. Spatial analysis identified a high-risk cluster for HIV infection involving Aracaju, Barra dos Coqueiros, Socorro, and São Cristóvão, present in both study periods. Conclusion: Despite numerical stability, HIV remains insufficiently controlled, with many undiagnosed and untreated cases. These findings provide insights into the sociodemographic and spatial factors influencing the spread of the disease in Sergipe.

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Author Biographies

José Rodrigo Santos Silva , Department of Statistics, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

 Department of Statistics, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Bruna Jijyon Familia Lourenço, Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Helton Luis Simplicio Santos, Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Bianca Santos Mecenas Cardoso, Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Tiago Santana Santos, Department of Morphology. Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Department of Morphology. Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Marco Antônio Prado Nunes, Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Health Management, Innovation, and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Health Management, Innovation, and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

José Aderval Aragão, Titular Professor of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Titular Professor of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Francisco Prado Reis, Titular Professor of the Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Titular Professor of the Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Vera Lúcia Corrêa Feitosa, Titular Professor of Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Titular Professor of Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

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Published

2026-02-09

How to Cite

Santos Silva , J. R., Familia Lourenço, B. J., Santos, H. L. S., Mecenas Cardoso, B. S., Santana Santos, T., Prado Nunes, M. A., Aragão, J. A., Prado Reis, F., & Corrêa Feitosa, V. L. (2026). SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND PREVALENCE OF HIV BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERGIPE, BRAZIL. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 8(2), 443–464. https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n2p443-464

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): BJIHS QUALIS B3 - FATOR DE IMPACTO SJIF 5.807 - ÍNDICE H 19

Section

Original article

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Copyright (c) 2026 José Rodrigo Santos Silva , Bruna Jijyon Familia Lourenço, Helton Luis Simplicio Santos, Bianca Santos Mecenas Cardoso, Tiago Santana Santos, Marco Antônio Prado Nunes, José Aderval Aragão, Francisco Prado Reis, Vera Lúcia Corrêa Feitosa

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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