Profile Survey of Oral Surgery Patients Performed at a Teaching Clinic in Teresina–PI

Abstract

Introduction: Tooth extractions remain among the most frequently performed procedures in dental practice and are commonly associated with dental caries, periodontal disease, and residual roots. In teaching clinics, these procedures reflect the sociodemographic and clinical profile of populations with greater socioeconomic vulnerability, highlighting the importance of understanding the characteristics of patients undergoing oral surgery. Objective: To identify the profile of patients treated at the oral surgery clinics of the Carolina Freitas Lira Teaching Clinic – UNIFSA, in Teresina-PI, as well as the main reasons and characteristics related to tooth extraction indications. Methodology: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study conducted through documentary analysis of 250 medical records of patients over 18 years of age treated between 2021/1 and 2023/2. Data collected included age, sex, family income, chief complaint, presence of systemic conditions, teeth indicated for extraction, etiology of extractions, and pattern of tooth loss. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (approval number 6,427,696). Conclusion: A predominance of patients aged 50 to 69 years was observed, with a slight majority of females and family income of up to one minimum wage. Pain was the main chief complaint. The primary causes of extraction were residual roots and extensive carious lesions, with greater involvement of posterior teeth, especially molars. A high frequency of multiple tooth loss affecting both maxilla and mandible was identified. The findings indicate a profile associated with low income and delayed access to dental care, reinforcing the importance of preventive strategies and service organization in teaching clinics to promote oral health and reduce edentulism.