Transtorno de personalidade borderline: revisão da literatura e perspectivas atuais.

Abstract

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by emotional instability, impulsivity, and significant impairments in interpersonal and social functioning, and is associated with psychological distress and an increased risk of suicidal and self-harming behaviors. This study consists of a narrative literature review based on articles indexed in the Google Scholar and SciELO databases, as well as the DSM-5, aiming to discuss epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of BPD. The findings highlight a multifactorial etiology, high rates of comorbidity, difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, and the need for individualized treatment approaches, with emphasis on psychotherapy combined with psychopharmacological interventions. It is concluded that improving diagnostic methods, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, and expanding knowledge about the disorder are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality, improve patients’ quality of life, and combat the stigma associated with BPD.