Impactos das canetas emagrecedoras com agonistas GLP-1 na saúde bucal: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were initially developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, they have also been widely used in the management of obesity, including off-label prescriptions. Despite the metabolic benefits described in the literature, such as body weight reduction and improved glycemic control, these drugs may be associated with systemic adverse effects, mainly of gastrointestinal origin, which may indirectly impact oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze, through a literature review, the main adverse effects of GLP-1 RAs, with emphasis on semaglutide and tirzepatide, and their possible repercussions in the oral cavity, highlighting the importance of dental monitoring during treatment. The methodology consisted of a narrative literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, using descriptors related to GLP-1 receptor agonists, obesity, adverse effects, and oral health, including articles published in recent years in Portuguese and English. It is concluded that, although GLP-1 RAs show proven efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, their use may be associated with alterations such as dysgeusia, xerostomia, halitosis, gastroesophageal reflux, and increased risk of dental biocorrosion, reinforcing the need for a multidisciplinary approach, with the active participation of dentists, aiming at the prevention of complications and the promotion of oral health in these patients.