ADVERSE EVENTS RELATED TO THE USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to conduct a literature review on the side effects of antidepressants. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out covering the period from 2020 to 2025 in the following databases: Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the National Library of Medicine (PubMed). A total of 41 articles were selected; after full-text reading, those whose content did not contribute to the development of this article were excluded. Thus, 29 articles remained and were used in the preparation of the review following careful selection. Results: Five classes of antidepressants and their respective side effects were analyzed. SSRIs are safer compared with older classes but present repercussions such as sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and sweating. SNRIs cause effects such as nausea, dry mouth, tremor, and, in older adults, an increased risk of falls and fractures, especially with duloxetine and venlafaxine. Although equally effective, TCAs have greater toxicity, which may lead patients to discontinue treatment. MAOIs require dietary restrictions involving foods containing the amino acid tyramine and cannot be combined with certain medications due to the risk of dangerous adverse effects. Atypical antidepressants display a more variable profile owing to a lower likelihood of causing a specific side effect, making them a good alternative to better meet patient needs in some situations. Conclusion: The systematic review indicates that although each class of antidepressants has distinct side effects that, if poorly managed, can lead to complications in the patient’s life, there are multiple therapeutic approaches using these medications. It is up to the physician, together with the patient, to decide which option best fits each clinical scenario.