The influence of hematopoietic stem cells on the survival of patients with hematological malignancies.

Revisão de literatura

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to blood and immune cells, and are obtained from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. Their therapeutic use is particularly notable in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Among the main therapeutic modalities for these diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the most effective interventions and can be autologous or allogeneic. The procedure aims to restore hematopoiesis by replacing compromised bone marrow, often after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy regimens.

Despite its curative potential, HSCT involves complex steps and can cause complications such as infections, graft failure, and graft-versus-host disease, which directly influence the patient's quality of life and survival. Factors such as age, comorbidities, cell source, and donor-recipient compatibility also interfere with clinical outcomes. In this sense, understanding these elements is essential to improve therapeutic decision-making.

This study consists of an integrative review of the literature conducted in the Scopus, PubMed Central, and SciELO databases. Original articles published between 2021 and 2025, available in full, in Portuguese or English, and directly related to the topic were included. Reviews, editorials, case reports, and studies outside the established period were excluded.

It is concluded that HSCT remains a central strategy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, offering the possibility of prolonged remission. However, its results depend on clinical and biological variables that require careful evaluation. Understanding these factors contributes to evidence-based practices and improves patient prognosis and survival.