Neuroplasticidade e diversos métodos de estudo no ensino médico uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Neuroplasticity, or neural plasticity, consists of the brain's ability to adapt to environmental conditions, from the alterations and formation of the new synaptic connections, which are of paramount importance for the acquisition of new behaviors, skills, and knowledge. That way, it becomes important to use this phenomenon when comparing the benefits of the traditional methodology with those of the active methodology in the learning of medical subjects, in order to understand how the science of this neural plasticity facilitates the acquisition of new information, making it possible to choose the most profitable methods among the various active study methods available and their associations, and those that result in greater knowledge acquisition for their practitioners.

This work aimed to perform an integrative review on the influence of active methodology and neural plasticity on medical learning. A search for scientific articles was carried out in the following databases: BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS. Works published from 2010 to 2025 were analyzed to integrate the advances in neuroscience and support effective study methods. Seventy-eight articles were found, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, and after an in-depth reading of these, 7 articles were selected as relevant to answer the guiding question of this review.

The literature indicates that methodologies based on neuroscientific evidence improve the quality of teaching-learning. Therefore, it is evident that active learning is more efficient in long-term knowledge retention when compared to passive learning, as it uses fundamentals of neuroscience for the consolidation of topics discussed in medical education to occur.