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Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a debilitating ocular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that requires a comprehensive approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This article analyzes current trends in DR research, focusing on risk factors, advances in diagnosis, therapeutic and preventive strategies, and the clinical implications of these findings. Risk factors such as glycemic control, hypertension, duration of DM, and smoking have been identified as critical determinants in the incidence and progression of DR. Strict control of these factors plays a fundamental role in preventing the condition. In the field of diagnosis, advanced technologies such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and artificial intelligence in the analysis of retinal images have improved the accuracy and efficiency of DR diagnosis and monitoring. Ocular telemedicine has shown promise in expanding access to ophthalmic care, especially in resource-limited areas. In the treatment of DR, antiangiogenic therapy, such as ranibizumab and aflibercept, has excelled in the treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). Laser photocoagulation, while still relevant, faces challenges compared to more recent therapies. Prevention remains the cornerstone in DR management, with an emphasis on patient education, early detection, and control of risk factors. As research on DR advances, it is essential to translate these findings into effective clinical practices. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients is crucial to improving the quality of life for those affected by this debilitating ocular complication.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Luís Claudio Montes Silva, Lauriane Ferreria Morlin, Renata Diniz Oliveira Campos, Ana Karoline Romana Correia Sales, Rodrigo Guimarães Franco
