Brain Aneurysm Surgery: A review of cerebral aneurysm treatment techniques, including endovascular embolization and open surgery.

Abstract

This review article discusses treatment techniques for cerebral aneurysms, with a focus on endovascular embolization and open surgery. Cerebral aneurysms are serious medical conditions that require immediate intervention to prevent potentially fatal complications. Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive approach that has demonstrated effectiveness in occluding aneurysms and reducing complications. Clinical studies have shown a complete occlusion rate of 79.3% one year after the procedure, with lower morbidity compared to open surgery. However, careful patient selection is crucial. On the other hand, open surgery, although more invasive, is highly effective, with a long-term complete occlusion rate of 95%. The choice between the techniques should be individualized, considering the aneurysm's anatomy, the patient's overall health, and other clinical variables. Continual technological advancements are shaping the evolution of these techniques, with innovative devices and approaches enhancing their effectiveness and safety. However, this review identifies some limitations, including the lack of directly comparing the two techniques in randomized controlled trials and the need for long-term studies to assess the durability of interventions. Future research is recommended to focus on prospective long-term studies with appropriate control groups, as well as the investigation of new technologies and approaches to enhance the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.