Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing symptoms of postpartum depression

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric disorder that compromises the mother's mental health, her bond with her baby, and family dynamics. Symptoms such as sadness, fatigue, irritability, and insomnia can persist if left untreated. Although antidepressants are an option, barriers such as stigma and adverse effects limit adherence. In this context, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as an effective alternative, whether in-person or online, with a positive impact on the health of both mother and baby. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of PPD, considering different intervention formats and comparing its effects with other therapeutic approaches. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, using the descriptors "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" and "Postpartum Depression." Randomized clinical trials and observational studies published in the last ten years, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. Articles without CBT as the primary intervention, reviews, and case reports were excluded. Three reviewers analyzed titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting data on the sample, intervention, depression scales, and outcomes. Results: Of the 75 articles initially identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. CBT has been shown to be effective in reducing PPD symptoms and maintaining improvement for up to six months. It also had a preventive effect in women with risk factors. Online workshops and programs such as MumMood Booster have demonstrated good effectiveness, expanding access to treatment. Factors such as unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and obstetric violence have been associated with a higher risk of PPD, while adequate social support has been shown to have a protective effect. Final considerations: CBT has proven to be an effective, accessible, and flexible intervention for managing PPD, and can be applied in different formats. Investing in professional training, standardizing protocols, and expanding access to CBT is essential to reduce the incidence of PPD, promote maternal mental health, and foster child development.