Uso dos inibidores de SGLT2 na insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada e reduzida

Abstract

This article aims to conduct a scientific literature review on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, emphasizing clinical benefits, physiological repercussions, and impact on patients’ quality of life. For this purpose, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search engines, with the keywords "Heart failure, Preserved ejection fraction, Reduced ejection fraction, SGLT2 inhibitors." The review revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors, initially indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have demonstrated significant efficacy in the management of heart failure, regardless of the presence of diabetes. In patients with reduced ejection fraction, they are associated with reductions in hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality, while in preserved ejection fraction they show improvements in quality of life and reduction in disease-related events. In addition to their cardiac effects, SGLT2 inhibitors exert systemic benefits, such as nephroprotection, blood pressure reduction, and metabolic improvements, which contribute to overall patient outcomes. Early diagnosis and timely introduction of appropriate therapy are essential to improve survival and quality of life, highlighting the importance of incorporating SGLT2 inhibitors into current clinical practice.