Challenges in Forensic Post-Mortem Identification Through Dental Records

Abstract

Introduction: Forensic Dentistry is crucial in the identification of deceased individuals, especially when fingerprint analysis is not feasible. However, the underutilization and poor quality of dental records limit its effectiveness, highlighting the need for technical and educational improvements. Objective: To report the challenges faced by forensic odontologists in postmortem identification using dental documentation and to present what the literature suggests as potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Methodology: This is an exploratory, qualitative research study based on a bibliographic review. The search was conducted in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases through the BVS advanced search, using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS)/Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms): Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Dentistry, and Dental Records, along with their English equivalents. Publications from 2015 to July 2025 were selected, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, available in open access, including cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis), and clinical research. Initially, 468 articles were retrieved; after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 were selected for full-text reading and final analysis. Results: One of the main challenges identified is the global inconsistency in dental record retention periods and the lack of standardization in antemortem documentation. Seven out of the eight selected studies suggested solutions such as integrating forensic odontologists into Medico-Legal Institutes, standardizing documentation, and promoting continuing education in Forensic Dentistry. Conclusion: Postmortem forensic identification is hindered by the lack of standardization and retention of dental records, making comparisons between antemortem and postmortem data difficult. It is recommended to include forensic odontologists in Medico-Legal Institutes, foster continuing education, and conduct experimental investigations to improve standardization and the effectiveness of technologies.