Four decades after the HIV/AIDS epidemic: achievements and challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p343-360Keywords:
Epidemic, VIH, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Treatment, Prevention.Abstract
Considered a public health problem on a global scale, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has created a great challenge for authorities to develop public health policies. Since its first registered case in the early 1980s, it has been considered an inextinguishable mark on health, society and economic growth. This is an integrative bibliographic review research, the objective of which was established based on the need to list the main discoveries and challenges after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemic that occurred in the 1980s. of 1400 publications with the descriptors defined for the research. In its first registration it was labeled as a virus associated with lymphadenopathy, and in the following year, after the issuance of a report indicating approximately 75 million infected people and around 32 million deaths, the first concerns of public health authorities were established. In 1983, it was discovered that the retrovirus was the cause of AIDS, and in the same year, it was named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). From this, there was a need to develop a diagnostic method, the Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) to identify carriers who did not yet show clinical manifestations, that is, the asymptomatic form. To control the progression of the disease and reduce the damage caused by the impairment of the immune system as a result of the infection, at the end of the 80s and 90s, the FDA approved the first drugs, which were used in monotherapy regimens. Due to the high power of replication and mutation of the virus, resistance mechanisms have emerged and new means of protection and treatment have been created. Curing HIV was once considered an unattainable goal, but with the advancement of research and new discoveries, the eradication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is an achievable goal. The biggest hope of research points to the use of antibodies and development of vaccines.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Hayslla Mikaella do Couto Araújo, Talia Aparecida Alves do Nascimento , Natália Bóscolo Gutierrez Borges , Caroline Mortoza do Prado , Lílian Neves Marques Costa , Josielen alexandria Serra da Silva , Francisca Micilene Costa , Ana Paula da Penha Alves , Ana Caroline Santos Ramos , Nayalla Jales Maia Pedrosa , Jaqueline Carvalho De Oliveira Silva
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