Panorama Epidemiológico das Arboviroses no Estado de Goiás: Análise do Período de 2020 a 2025

Abstract

Arboviruses are a serious public health problem in tropical regions such as Brazil, due to their epidemic potential and the social, economic, and health impacts they cause. In the country, dengue, Chikungunya fever, and Zika virus, transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti, remain the most relevant diseases. Goiás, due to its climatic and urban characteristics, remains vulnerable to the spread of these diseases. This study aimed to outline the epidemiological panorama of arboviruses, with an emphasis on dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, in the state of Goiás between 2020 and 2025, identifying patterns of occurrence, affected population profiles, and areas of greatest vulnerability. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of secondary data from official epidemiological surveillance systems. The information was organized according to sociodemographic variables and reporting period, enabling the identification of trends and risk profiles. The results showed that arboviruses remain as significant challenge for public health in Goiás, with seasonal peaks in March and April. A high proportion of notifications were observed with ignored variables, such as education and race/color, compromising part of the analyses. Regarding Chikungunya fever, 27,576 cases were reported, a notable increase in the number of occurrences in almost all age groups between March and April, thus demonstrating a seasonal trend similar to that of dengue fever. In the case of Zika virus, most cases occurred in the months of January to April, coinciding with increased rainfall and temperatures, conditions favorable for the reproduction of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The effectiveness of clinical and surveillance strategies was reflected in the high number of recoveries compared to deaths. It is concluded that, although there has been progress in combating dengue fever in Goiás, challenges remain related to continuous surveillance, the qualification of records and the expansion of preventive and educational actions, especially among the most vulnerable groups and during periods of greatest incidence.