Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with Kawasaki Disease: A Narrative Review.

Abstract

Introduction: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis prevalent in children under 5 years old and is known for affecting the coronary arteries. In children affected by KD, a variety of rashes can be observed, which may mimic other diseases, making the recognition of these lesions essential for considering KD as an important differential diagnosis. Objective: To identify the cutaneous manifestations of KD according to the stage of the disease to improve early diagnosis. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted, analyzing studies from 2020 to 2024 that highlighted cutaneous manifestations associated with KD. Results: Approximately 90% of patients exhibit characteristic rashes such as maculopapular exanthema and changes in the palms and soles, which are critical for early differential diagnosis to prevent cardiovascular complications. The acute phase presents with diffuse maculopapular eruptions, while the subacute phase shows periungual desquamation. During the convalescent phase, alterations such as Beau's lines persist. Atypical manifestations might indicate cardiac complications, and knowledge of these is vital for effective management. Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations are essential indicators of the inflammatory state and cardiovascular prognosis in KD. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors, with potential infectious triggers, underscores the need for detailed clinical diagnosis and continuous analysis of variability in disease expression.