O PAPEL DA OBESIDADE NAS DOENÇAS CARDÍACAS

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality, contributing to premature deaths, decreased quality of life, and economic and social impacts. In Brazil, approximately 72% of deaths are attributed to NCDs, 30% due to cardiovascular diseases and 16% due to neoplasms, which highlights their relevance in the national scenario. In recent decades, the country has undergone a nutritional transition, migrating from malnutrition to obesity, considered a serious public health problem. This change is related to the increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and the reduction of natural foods, leading to an increase in NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to discussing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The results indicate that, although drug treatments are essential, they are insufficient without lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet. A diet of approximately 1650 kcal, consisting of good quality foods, free from preservatives and pesticides, including proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, is essential for health recovery. In addition, practicing low-intensity physical activities, such as daily walks of about 20 minutes, associated with adequate hydration, contributes significantly to metabolic control and improvement of clinical condition. We conclude that pharmacological treatment should be complemented by a multidisciplinary approach, involving behavioral changes and nutritional guidance. Several studies demonstrate that regular physical exercise is essential in promoting cardiovascular health and weight loss, and is recommended by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology as an important strategy, as long as it is evaluated by health professionals.

Keywords: “Heart Failure”, “Obesity”, “Chronic Diseases”