The relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and metabolic disorders:

implications for reproductive health.

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition that affects multiple systems of the female body, characterized by a combination of metabolic, endocrine, dermatological and gynecological disorders. Metabolically, PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. Endocrinologically, it manifests as hyperandrogenism, which causes menstrual irregularities and can lead to infertility. Dermatologically, excess androgens cause acne, seborrhea and hirsutism, while from a gynecological point of view, the condition interferes with regular ovulation, directly impacting reproductive health and increasing the risk of complications such as infertility and endometrial cancer. This study conducted a literature review, and its inclusion criteria were articles published on the topic between 2018 and 2024, literature review articles, with occasional use of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Exclusion criteria were articles published before 2018, clinical trials, preclinical articles, comparative clinical studies and multicenter studies. This study sought to broaden the understanding of the topic, considering that the syndrome can have important consequences for women's health and, in particular, for fertility. Based on the review carried out, it was possible to conclude that PCOS has a significant impact on female reproductive health, mainly due to its relationship with metabolic disorders and insulin resistance.