Iron deficiency in children: early diagnosis and prevention strategies

Abstract

Iron deficiency in children is one of the leading causes of nutritional anemia, significantly impacting growth, neuropsychomotor development, and cognitive performance. This review article addresses aspects related to early diagnosis, iron metabolism, etiology, clinical manifestations, consequences, and prevention and treatment strategies for iron deficiency anemia in childhood. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach and integrated public policies to tackle the social and biological determinants of this condition, especially in vulnerable populations, is emphasized. Early laboratory diagnosis and adequate supplementation are crucial for restoring iron stores and preventing long-term complications. Promoting a balanced diet, combined with prophylactic supplementation and nutritional education, emerges as an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Strengthening preventive and therapeutic actions thus contributes to improving child health and the country’s socioeconomic development.