Takotsubo Syndrome: State of the Art in Diagnosis and Management.

Abstract

Takotsubo syndrome (TS), also known as "broken heart syndrome," is a transient cardiac disorder that mimics an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but without significant coronary obstruction. It predominantly occurs in postmenopausal women and saw an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of TS, highlighting its differentiation from AMI through advanced imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and electrocardiogram. The aim was to synthesize current knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management of TS. The methodology included a detailed review of recent literature from databases like PubMed and Scopus, selecting observational studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, and case reports. The main findings indicated that TS, although with a high rate of ventricular recovery, presents significant acute complications like cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias. Management focuses on acute stabilization and long-term monitoring to prevent recurrences. However, challenges persist in developing more specific treatment strategies. In conclusion, TS requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective diagnosis and management, considering both initial hemodynamic stabilization and follow-up to reduce recurrences and complications. Future research should focus on identifying specific biomarkers and better understanding emotional and physical triggers.